At Emerald Dairy II, cows are housed in freestall pens during the 45 days prior to parturition. There are certain management tasks we would like to accomplish during this period. Tasks such as movement through a footbath, application of fly spray, providing routine exercise, conditioning new heifers to the milking parlor, and lameness evaluation create the need to efficiently move the cattle. Stockmanship allows us to easily create and control the movement to and from the management task area. Easy movement allows us to accomplish these tasks as often as necessary. In addition, this presents us with the opportunity to have workers practice creating positive movement with this population of cattle.  Emerald Dairy II has an 8 foot transfer drovers lane along the XXXX perimeter of the facility that is used daily to move cattle.